Possession with De and Contractions Del and Al

Possession with De and 

Contractions Del and Al

Learn Spanish- Possession with De and contractions Del and Al

Aprendiendo Español- La Posesión Usando De y Las Contracciones De y Al

In this video, we will learn about the possession with de and the contractions del and al.
In English, we use an apostrophe (') and the letter s ('s) to tell ownership. In Spanish, we use the word de (of) to say that we own something. There is no 's in Spanish.

Examples:
El dinero es de Antonio.
(It's Antonio's money.)

Son los abuelos de José.
(They are José's grandparents.)

¿De quién es el carro?
(Whose car is it?)

Contractions del and al

A contraction is when we join two words that may also be said or written separately.
In English contractions are optional. Ex: 

Levy is not/isn't a student
.
Theresa and Bert are not/aren't here.

In Spanish, we only have two contractions, and they are obligatory.

De and el contract to del
A and el contract to al
 
No other articles contract with de or with a.

Es la casa de mi mamá.
(It is my mom's house)

Es la casa de los abuelos.
(It is the grandparent's house.)

Llego a la tienda a las dos.
(I'll get to the store at two.)

Llego al mercado a las tres.
I'll get to the market at three.)

NOTICE:
de + él do not contract becase él is a person (male)

La casa es de él.
(the house it's his)

Some examples:
Es la casa
                del niño
                 de la niña
                 de los niños
                 de las niñas
some more examples:
Regreso
             al mercado
             a la tienda
             a los hoteles
             a las tiendas

Let's Practice: (Watch video for this part)

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Preterite -AR Verb (Part II): -GAR

Preterite - AR Verb (Part II): -GAR

Learn Spanish-Preterite AR verbs (part II) -GAR

Aprendiendo Español- Tiempo Pretérito de los Verbos AR (Parte II) -GAR

In this video, we will learn more about conjugating the -ar verbs into the preterite. Remember , it is a past tense. In English, it is adding an -ed to the action.So, let's review the rules of the last video by conjugating an -AR verb in the present and the preterite.

                                       esperar (To wait [for], to hope) Present Tense

yo espero                                            nosotros/nosotras esperamos
(I wait, I am waiting)                            (we wait, we arewaiting)  
                                                    
tú esperas                                             vosotros/vosotras esperáis
  (you wait, you are waiting)                 (you wait,you are waiting)
                                                             Informal use in Spain                                                                                                            
él espera                                               ellos esperan
  (he waits, he is waiting)                     (they wait, they are waiting)

ella espera                                          ellas esperan (she waits, she is waiting)                  (they wait, they are waiting) 


usted espera                                      ustedes esperan
(you wait, you are waiting)                (you wait, you are waiting)
  formal                                                 plural formal in Spain      
                 

esperar (To wait [for], to hope) Preterite

yo esperé (I waited)                                 nosotros/nosotras esperamos (we waited)
tú esperastes (you waited)                     vosotros/vosotras esperasteis (you waited)
                                                                       informal used in Spain.            
él esperó (he waited)                              ellos esperaron (they waited)
ella esperó (she waited)                         ellas esperaron (they waited)
usted esperó(you waited) formal          ustedes esperaron (you waited)                
                                                                          plural formal in Spain  
Notice:
Present Tense                                                 Preterite Tense (Past)
Nosotros esperamos                   =                 Nosotros esperamos
(we wait)                                                           (we waited)

The good news is that there is no stem changers in the past tense. There are verbs in the present tense that do have stem changes.

For now we are going to do stem changes in the following verb:
jugar (to play)  u to ue
So, these changes do not happen in the past tense, the only changes that will happen is when you write but not when you speak. So, let's try out jugar (to play)
Do you remember the shoe verbs? They are verbs in which the conjugation that falls within the shoe has stem changes and those outside the shoe do not. You will see what I mean:

jugar (To play) Present Tense

yo juego                                             nosotros/nosotras jugamos
(I play, I am playing)                          (we play, we are playing)
tú   juegas                                          vosotros/vosotras jugáis
(you play , you are playing)              (you play,  you are playing )
                                                            informal used in Spain.
               
  él juega                                            ellos juegan
(he play s, he is playing)                   (they play, they are playing)
 ella juega                                         ellas juegan
(she play s, she is playing)              (they play,  they are playing)
 usted juega                                       ustedes juegan
(you play, you are playing)               (you play, you are  playing) 
 formal                                                  plural in Spain                                             

jugar (to play) Preterite

yo jugué (I played)                             nosotros/nosotras  jugamos (we played)
tú jugaste (you played)                      vosotros/vosotras jugtasteis (you played)
                                                             informal used in Spain.              
él  jugó (he played)                              ellos jugaron (they played)
ella jugó (she played)                           ellas jugaron (they played)
usted  jugó(you played ) formal          ustedes  jugaron (you played)

Did you notice the yo-form? Yo jugué

Watch the following video for an explanation of the letter G:
Learn Spanish- Pronunciation of the letters G and J
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Learn Spanish- Preterite AR verbs (part III) -CAR

Aprendiendo Español- Tiempo Pretérito de los Verbos AR (Parte III) -CAR

In this video, we will learn more about conjugating the -ar verbs into the preterite. Remember , it is a past tense. In English, it is adding an -ed to the action.
So, let's review the rules of the last video by conjugating an -AR verb in the present and the preterite.

          ayudar (To help) Present Tense

yo ayudo        nosotros/nosotras ayudamos
(I help)            (we help)                                                                                                             
tú ayudas        vosotros/vosotras esperáis
 (you help)      (you help)  informal used in Spain
                                                                                                       
él ayuda            ellos ayudan
(he helps)        (they help)
ella ayuda        ellas ayudan
 (she helps)    (they help)                                                                                                        
usted ayuda       ustedes ayudan
 (you helps)        (you help)
formal                  plural formal in Spain                                                                                                           
                     ayudar (to help) Preterite
yo ayudé                 nosotros/nosotras ayudamos
(I helped)              (we helped)
tú ayudastes      vosotros/vosotras ayudasteis
(you helped)         (you helped)  informal used in Spain.                                                                                                           
él ayudó               ellos ayudaron
 (he helped)          (they helped)
ella ayudó              ellas ayudaron
(she helped)           (they helped)
usted ayudó                ustedes ayudaron
(you helped) formal        (you helped)                
                                    plural formal in Spain  
The good news is that there is no stem changers in the past tense. There are verbs in the present tense that do have stem changes.
We have verbs with  stem changes, like:
jugar (to play)  u to ue
comenzar (to begin, to start) e to ie
almorzar (to have lunch) o to ue
 So, let's try out sacar (totake)
Sacar una foto (to take a photo)
Sacar la basura (to take  out the garbage)
            sacar (To take) Present Tense
yo saco                                    nosotros/nosotras sacamos
(I take)                                       (we take)                                                                                            
tú sacas                                     vosotros/vosotras sacáis
(you take)                                    (you take )    Spain.                                                                                                           
  él saca                                        ellos sacan
(he takes)                                    (they take )                                                                                                         
ella saca                                       ellas sacan
(she takes)                                    (they take)                                                                                                          
usted saca                                  ustedes sacan
(you take)                                     (you take)
formal                                        plural formal in Spain  
                sacar (to take) Preterite                                                                                                       
yo saqué             nosotros/nosotras  sacamos
(I took)                  (we took)            
tú sacaste           vosotros/vosotras sacasteis
   (you took)        (you took) informal used in Spain.                                                                                                           
él  sacó (he  took)                              ellos sacaron (they  took)
ella sacó (she  took)                        ellas sacaron (they took)
usted  sacó(you took) formal          ustedes  sacaron (you took)
Did you notice the yo-form? Yo saqué
Pronunciation rules of the letter C
C before an a, o, u sound like /K/
 Ex: casa, coche, cuatro
When C goes before e or I, it sounds like /ɵ/ in Spain or /S/ in other countries.
 Ex: /ɵ/ in Spain: cesped; /S/ in other countries: cesped, cielo
So, to get the /K/ sound,  we need to change the C for a Q add an u between the Q and the e to make -qué. Otherwise, -cué would sound like /kue/.
Other verbs that follow this rule are: buscar (to look for), tocar (to play an instrument),  (to touch)
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Learn Spanish- Preterite AR verbs (part IV) -ZAR

Aprendiendo Español- Tiempo Pretérito de los Verbos AR (Parte IIV) -GAR

In this video, we will learn more about conjugating the -ar verbs into the preterite. Remember , it is a past tense. In English, it is adding an -ed to the action.
So, let's review the rules of the last video by conjugating an -AR verb in the present and the preterite. 

                                                  almorzar (To have lunch) Present Tense

yo almuerzo                                                   nosotros/nosotras almorzamos
(I eat lunch)                                                       (we eat lunch)




tú almuerzas                                                    vosotros/vosotras almorzáis
(you eat lunch)                                                  (you eat lunch) informal used in Spain.

él almuerza                                                       ellos almuerzan
(he eats lunch)                                                   (they eat lunch)

ella almuerza                                                    ellas almuerzan
(she eats lunch)                                                (they eat lunch)

usted almuerza                                                  ustedes almuerzan
(you eat lunch)                                                    (you eat lunch) formal plural formal in Spain 

 almorzar (To have lunch) Preterite

yo almorcé                                       nosotros/nosotras almorzamos
(I ate lunch)                                        (we ate lunch )

tú almorzastes                                   vosotros/vosotras almorzasteis
(you ate lunch)                                    (you ate lunch) informal used in Spain.

él almorzó                                           ellos almorzaron
(he ate lunch)                                       (they ate lunch)

ella almorzó                                        ellas almorzaron
(she ate lunch)                                    (they ate lunch) 

usted almorzó                                      ustedes almorzaron
(you ate lunch) formal                          (you ate lunch) plural formal in Spain 

Did you notice the yo-form? Yo almorcé
In Spanish, there are irregular verbs that end in -zar. In the yo-form, the -z changes to a -c
when it is followed by an ending that begins with -e. 

                                     comenzar (To begin, to start) Present Tense

yo comienzo                        nosotros/nosotras comenzamos
(I begin)                               (we begin)

tú comienzas                      vosotros/vosotras comenzáis
(you begin)                          (you begin) informal used in Spain. 
 él comienza                       ellos comienzan
(he begins)                         (they begin)

ella comienza                     ellas comienzan
(she begins)                        (they begin )

usted comienza                   ustedes comienzan
(you begin)                           (you begin)
formal plural formal in Spain 

                                         comenzar (To begin, to start) Preterite

yo comencé                       nosotros/nosotras comenzamos
(I began)                            (we began)
tú comenzaste                  vosotros/vosotras comenzasteis
(you began)                      (you began) informal used in Spain.
él comenzó                       ellos comenzaron
(he began)                       (they began)
ella comenzó                   ellas comenzaron
(she began)                     (they began) 

usted comenzó               ustedes comenzaron
(you began ) formal         (you began)

Z to C before an -e

yo comencé

Other verbs that follow this rule:

empezar (to begin, to start)
tropezar (to stumble)
danzar (to dance)

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Learn Spanish- Preterite AR Verbs

Preterite AR Verbs - Part I

In this video, we will learn how to conjugate the -ar verbs into the preterite. If you have never heard the word preterite before, it is a way to tell past actions that are seen as completed.
When do you use the preterite?
First, we use it when a past action fad a definite beginning and definite end. It is finished and completed.
Second,when a state of being is in the past.
If the action and the state of being is viewed as completed – no matter how long it lasted or took to complete, the preterite will be used.
Note: the beginning and the end may not always be clearly stated.
If you are not a grammar person, just remember than in English the past tense is done by adding an -ed.
EX: yo hablo ( I talk)
 Present tense: I talk
Preterite or past tense: I talked

                                    Trabajar (To work) Present Tense

yo trabajo                                                                                 nosotros/nosotras trabajamos
(I work,, I am working)                                                         (we work, we are working)

tú trabajas                                                                                 vosotros/vosotras trabajais
(you work, you are working)                                                   (you work, you are working)
                                                                                                   informal used in Spain.

él trabaja                                                                                    ellos trabajan
(he works, he is working)                                                          (they work, they are working)

ella trabaja                                                                                  ellas trabajan
(she works, she is working)                                                         (they work, they are working)

usted trabaja                                                                                 ustedes trabajan
(you work,you are working)                                                       (you work, you are working)
formal

Note: That the beginning of the verb trabajar will be the same as in the present. The only part that will change is the ending: trabajar- trabaj- é amos aste asteis ó aron Trabajar (to work) Preterite

yo trabajé (I worked) nosotros/nosotras trabajamos (we worked)
tú trabajastes (you worked) vosotros/vosotras trabajasteis (you worked) informal used in Spain.
él trabajó (he worked) ellos trabajaron (they worked)
ella trabajó (she worked) ellas trabajaron (they worked)
usted trabajó(you worked) formal ustedes trabajaron (you worked) plural formal in Spain

Notice:
Present Tense Preterite Tense (Past)
Nosotros trabajamos = Nosotros trabajamos
(we work) (we worked)

How do we tell the difference? The context:

Hoy, nosotros trabajamos todo el día.
(Today, we work all day long.)

Ayer, nosotros trabajamos todo el día. (Yesterday, we worked all day long.

Cantar (to sing)  

                 
Present cant-                                    Preterite: cant-                     
       o            amos                        é           amos
        as          ais                           aste        asteis
        a           an                            ó            aron
        a          an                             ó            aron                
        a          an                             ó            aron

bailar (to dance)

bail-                                    Preterite: bail-

 -o          amos                    é                 amos
 as          ais                        aste             asteis
 a           an                          ó                aron

Vocabulary Part I and Part II

Vocabulary Part I 

Vocabulario Parte I

 

Let's begin:

hablar (to speak) 

El presidente habla todo el día en Venezuela. 
(The president talks all day in Venezuela.)

trece (thirteen)

 Quedan trece huevos en la nevera.
 (There are thirteen eggs in the refrigerator.)

la cerveza (beer) 

 La cerveza es para los que tengan más de veitiún años.
(Beer is for those who are over twenty-one years old.)

el dinero (money)

 Llevo poco dinero, solo tres dólares. Tengo que ir al banco. 
( I don't have much money. Just three dollars. I need to go to the bank.)

el hombre (man) 

El hombre aquel enseña en la universidad
. (That man over there teaches at the university.)

pagar (to pay)

 Pagamos las clases con un préstamo. 
(We pay the classes with a loan.)

la oficina (office)

 El profesor y el estudiante están en la oficina
.( The professor and the student are at the office.)

cantar (to sing)

 Me gusta cantar mucho.
 (I like to sing a lot.)

el papel (paper)

 Tengo papel y bolígrafo para tomar notas.
 (I have paper and pen to take notes.)

el estudiante (el estudiante)

 Eduardo es el estudiante de Guatemala.
 (Eduardo is the student from Guatemala.)

 Palabras Adicionales
(Additional Words)
aquí (here)
con (with)
mal (bad)
más (more)
mucho (much, a lot)
muy (very)
para (for, in order to)
pero (but)
poco (little, little bit)
por (in [in the morning, evening])
por eso (that's why, therefore)
pues.... (well....)
si (if)
solo (only)
todas las tardes/noches (all the afternoons/nights)
todos los días (every day)

Vocabulary Part II

Vocabulario Parte II

 Vocabulary – Part II
A Little Bit of Everything

 Vocabulario – Parte II
Un Poco de Todo

Esta noche hay una fiesta en el cuarto de María. 

(Tonight, there is a party in María's room.)

     Todos los estudiantes bailan y cantan.

(All the students dance and sing.)

Jaime busca una Pepsi Cola.

 (Jaime looks for a Pepsi Cola.)

      Marta habla con un amigo. 

(Marta talks to a friend.)

José les enseña un baile de Colombia.

 (José is teaching them a dance from Colombia)

       Todas las mujeres quieren bailar con el estudiante mexicano

.( All the women want to dance with the Mexican student.)

La fiesta es estupenda, pero los estudiantes necesitan regresar a sus casas o a sus cuartos a las dos de la mañana. ¡Hay clases mañana!

(The party is wonderful, but the students need to return to their houses or dorms at two in the morning. There are classes tomorrow!)

         bailar (to dance)

Todas las mujeres quieren bailar con el estudiante mexicano.

( All the women want to dance with the Mexican student.)

          buscar (to look for)

    Yo busca la librería.

 (I am looking for the bookstore.)

          comprar (to buy)

     Voy a comprar papel y bolígrafo para tomar notas. 

(I am going to buy paper and pen to take notes.)

Listen, read and translation:

     Watch the video for this part!

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative Adjectives

Let's practice:

(This) _____________ sombrero
(This) _____________ abrigo
(These) _____________ pantalones
(This) ______________  falda

Let's Practice:

(That) ______________ silla
(That) ______________ falda
(Those) _____________camisa
(Those) _____________ zapatos

Let's practice:

(That over there) _______________suéter
(That over there) ______________  zapatos
(Those over there) _____________ mesas
(Those over there) _____________ gatas
(Those over there) ______________libros
 

Using expressions using the neuter demonstrative adjectives:

¿Qué es esto?  What is this?
Eso es todo.     That's it. That's all.
¡Aquello es terrible!  That's terrible!  

Now, let's see if you learned the demonstrative adjectives:

-- ¿Qué blusa prefieres?
        --Prefiero______________ (this one).

--¿Qué zapatos quieres comprar?
        --Quiero comprar ________________ (those over there).

--¿Por qué no quieres leer el poema en clase?
         --¡Yo no puedo hacer ________ (that)!

--¿Qué botas compras?
      --Compro ________(these).

--¿Qué reloj prefieres llevar?
      -- Prefiero ________ (that one).

Remember: The demonstrative adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun that they modify. Just as other Spanish adjectives.

¡Hasta el próximo blog! ¡Hasta luego!

If you need help answering those exercises above let me know. I will be happy to help you.